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Fracture toughness and auxeticity in disordered metamaterials

Updated
24/02/2026

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This research, developed at the University of Milan (UNIMI) within the Center for Complexity and Biosystems under the guidance of Prof. Stefano Zapperi, investigates the relationship between auxetic behavior and fracture toughness in disordered mechanical metamaterials. Using computational optimization and experimental validation on additively manufactured samples, the study shows that maximizing auxeticity does not automatically lead to higher energy absorption before failure. Instead, the results reveal a trade-off between these properties, providing new insight into the design of lightweight architected materials. The work was also supported by the ARCHIBIOFOAM project, funded by the European Union under Horizon Europe, highlighting the role of advanced computational design and additive manufacturing in the development of next-generation metamaterials.

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This project was made possible thanks to the funding received under the “Campania Startup 2023” call for proposals, promoted by the Regional Department for Research, Innovation, and Startups (UOD05 – Regione Campania), as part of the Regional Operational Programme FESR 2014–2020 – Specific Objective 1.1 – Action 1.1.3.
This strategic support enabled us to formalize Oniro S.r.l. and initiate the industrial development of our core technology: Foam Additive Manufacturing (FAM), an advanced 3D printing process capable of controlling the internal morphology and density of thermoplastic materials through real-time physical foaming.

The project presented under the Campania Startup 2023 program aimed to demonstrate the potential of mono-material structural components manufactured in a single step, without adhesives or post-processing, offering high mechanical performance and full recyclability. Applications range from lightweight sandwich panels for transportation and aerospace to bio-based foamed parts for sustainable consumer products.
Thanks to this grant, we were able to invest in early-stage prototyping, intellectual property protection, and validation of our approach—laying the foundation for what is now an operating startup with international ambitions and solid technical credibility.

Progetto realizzato con il sostegno finanziario – PR Lazio FESR 2021-2027 – Obiettivo Specifico 1.3. – Open Call ESA BIC Lazio – CUP F87H25001650008